Reading I
A. Match the words in column A with their meanings in
column B.
a. nightmare → iii. a very unpleasant or frightening
experience
b. pediatric → iv. relating to the medical care of children
c. intravenous → v. into or connected to a vein
d. priority → ii. a thing that is regarded as more important than others
e. medications → i. treatment using drugs
f. confidante → ix. a person with whom private matters and problem are
discussed
g. deprivation → viii. the lack of something considered to be a necessity
h. vulnerable → vi. in need of special care, support, or protection protection
i. dreadful → vii. very bad or unpleasant
B. Write True for true and False for false statements.
a. The sender of the letter was happy with the service of
the health workers. → False
b. The staff of different departments in the hospital had harmonious
relationships with each other. → False
c. The hospital staff were concerned with the requirements of the sick child. →
False
d. The staff of the hospital shared their personal feelings with the writer. →
False
e. The chart was unclear about the patient’s gender. → True
f. The author took the mistakes of the health workers normally. → False
g. The writer seems to be more sincere in her duty than the hospital staff. →
True
C. Answer the following questions.
a. What was the nightmare for the author?
→ The nightmare for the author was that her nine-week old baby developing an
extremely high fever. He needed to be hospitalized.
b. What do you think the main purpose of this letter
is?
→ The main purpose of this letter is to express frustration and disappointment
of the author with the hospital staffs.
c. According to the author, what was the main weakness
of the hospital staff?
→ According to the author, the main weakness of the hospital staff was their
negligence towards the treatment of the patient and their rude behavior.
d. Did the nurses really say “your daughter is not a
priority”? Why did the author think so?
→ No, the nurses actually didn’t say “your daughter is not a priority.” But,
from their expression “I am so busy today”, the author understood that her sick
daughter was not their priority.
e. What do the patients and their families expect from
the health workers?
→ The patients and their families expect the health workers to prioritize their
care and work towards their patient's health.
f. List the questions that the author was asked
frequently in the hospital.
→ The author was frequently asked the following questions in the hospital:
- Was she premature?
- Was your delivery normal?
g. Why did the health workers make gender error about
the author’s daughter?
→ The health workers made a gender error about the author's daughter because her
daughter spent her time in hospital wearing only a diaper.
h. According to the author, how do people perceive the
career of health workers?
→ According to the author, people perceive the career of health workers not as
a glamourous profession. They think that health workers want to help sick
people get well. They regard it as a noble profession.
D. If you become a health worker in the future, what
would be your priority? How would you treat your patients and their families?
→ If I became a health worker, the following would be my priority:
Patient care: Patient care is the act of giving people who are ill or
injured immediate medical attention and treatment, whether they are in a
hospital, clinic, or community setting. This include evaluating patients, making
diagnoses, recommending the best courses of action, and keeping track of their
development.
Public health: The pursuit of endeavors that advance the general welfare
of the populace, such as illness monitoring, outbreak analysis, and
epidemiological study. Implementing ways to stop the spread of infectious
illnesses, supporting health laws, and addressing socioeconomic determinants of
health are all common components of public health initiatives.
Health Promotion and Education: Informing people and communities about
health-related issues so they may take charge of their own health and make
educated decisions. To increase awareness of certain health issues, this might
involve holding health seminars, creating instructional materials, and working
with neighbourhood groups.
Grammar I: Reported Speech
B. Change the following sentences into indirect speech. The beginning of
each sentence is given.
a.
"Please, help me fix this machine."
→ She requested me to help her fix the machine.
b.
"Please, don't switch on the fan?"
→ The electrician requested me not to switch on the fan.
c.
"Help me with my homework, please."
→ My friend requested me to help him with his homework.
d.
"Lend me some money, please,"
→ She requested to lend her some money.
e.
"Do your homework!"
→ The teacher told me to do my homework.
f.
"Don't smoke!"
→ The doctor advised him not to smoke.
g.
"Don't make a mess!"
→ My mother told me not to make a mess.
Writing I
The
letter in Reading I talks about different weaknesses of the health care workers
in a hospital. Imagine you are one of the staff of the hospital. Now, write an
email to the patient's mother apologising for your behaviour. Assure her that
there will be improvement in the services your hospital provides.
From: nirmal@gmail.com
To: studysathi@gmail.com
Subject: Apology for your unpleasant experience during your hospital
stay.
Dear
note library,
I'm sending you this email to express my regret for the treatment you and your
daughter had when you were patients at our hospital. We sincerely regret any
inadequacies in the services we rendered throughout your stay.
We
are aware that our main duty as healthcare professionals is to give our
patients the finest treatment possible. However, we disappointed you, and for
that, we sincerely apologize. We accept full responsibility for our errors and
we are aware that we made them. Please know that we are doing all in our power
to make up for our mistakes and prevent similar occurrences in the future.
I
can tell you as a member of the hospital team that we are dedicated to giving
our patients the best possible treatment. We appreciate the confidence you have
in us, and we'll do all in our power to live up to it.
We
apologise once again for any trouble or discomfort you and your daughter may
have had while staying at our hospital. We hope you would give us another
chance to assist you and show our dedication to you and your patient.
Sincerely,
Nirmal
Reading II
A. Consult a dictionary or the internet and define the following
words/phrases.
a. Wonderfood:
A term used to describe a food item that is believed to have exceptional
nutritional or health benefits.
b. Cardiovascular disease: A group of diseases that affect the
heart and blood vessels, including conditions such as heart attacks, stroke,
and coronary artery disease.
c. Bioeconomy: An economic system that uses biological
resources such as crops, forests, and marine resources to produce goods and
services.
d. Demographic change: A shift in the characteristics of a
population over time, such as changes in age, gender, race, or ethnic
composition.
e. Multidisciplinary approach: An approach to problem-solving
or research that involves experts from multiple fields or disciplines working
together to achieve a common goal.
f. Economic inequalities: Differences in income, wealth, and
access to resources and opportunities that exist between different individuals,
groups, or countries.
g. Neurological disorders: A broad category of disorders that
affect the nervous system, including conditions such as Parkinson's disease,
Alzheimer's disease, and epilepsy.
h. Biomarkers: Biological indicators that can be used to
measure a particular process or condition in the body, such as the presence of
a disease or the effectiveness of a treatment.
B. Complete the sentences below with one of the words in red from the
text above.
a.
The children were especially delighted that there were enough cookies for each
of them to have two.
b. The organization held its annual conference in New York this year. The
health ministers of more than forty countries attended it.
c. It is innovation that makes any organization a successful one.
d. Your life changes dramatically if you perform well in your study.
e. Mr. Gurung is leaving the job because of chronic/cardiovascular disease.
f. Early diagnosis of a disease helps us to cure it soon.
g. We have faced an unprecedented level of climate change at present.
h. The patient may need blood work or other biomarkers to determine his
specific health problem.
i. The world looked for different multidisciplinary approaches to find the
solution to COVID-19.
C. Choose the best alternatives to complete the following sentences.
a.
The greatest public health challenge at present is _______
→ iii. obesity
b.
The Joint Programming Initiative will bring the _______ of member states
together.
→ iv. Knowledge
c.
The health care innovation chain begins from __________
→ i. researchers
d.
The need behind multidisciplinary approache is ______
→ the lack of progress in research and innovation.
e.
Through this speech, the speaker wants to _______
→ appeal to the members of EU for collaboration for research and innovation.
D. Answer the following questions.
a. What
topic is the speaker talking about when she says, "It's a topic that's
never out of the media...?"
→ The speaker is talking about healthy diets and lifestyle.
b. According
to the speaker, what is the cause of obesity among children in the EU?
→ Poor diet and low physical activity.
c. What
should people do to prevent themselves from the diseases like type 2 diabetes?
→ Adapt better lifestyles and healthier diets.
d. What
is Horizon 2020?
→ A Europe’s 80-billion euro research and innovation program designed to tackle
society's biggest challenges.
e. Why
is research very important to fight against the health challenges?
→ To benefit all patients and prevent many people from developing disease in
the first phase.
f. What
result can Horizon 2020 give if it is implemented effectively?
→ Excellent progress on research and innovation for healthy diets and healthy
lives.
g. What
results does the speaker expect from the conference?
→ Innovative ideas and interesting discussions related to health, nutrition,
and research on healthy diets and lifestyles.
h. Do
you think that the people of the EU will be benefitted by this conference? If yes,
what benefits will they get?
→ Yes. Benefits include improved lifestyle, better knowledge about chronic
disease prevention, innovative products, and competitive European businesses.
E. Draft a short speech entitled, 'Importance of Exercise for Healthy
Life'.
Ladies
and Gentlemen,
Today I am going to pour my views on 'Importance of Exercise for Healthy Life'.
In
order to have a healthy and meaningful life, exercise is essential. Physical
exercise frequently takes a backseat in today's technologically-dominated,
sedentary society. But frequent exercise is essential for general health.
First
and foremost, exercise is crucial for preserving a healthy weight. Physical
activity aids in calorie burning, body fat reduction, and muscular growth.
Exercise can help reduce obesity and its related health concerns, such as
diabetes, heart disease, and some kinds of cancer, when combined with a healthy
diet.
Second,
physical activity enhances cardiovascular health. Running, swimming, or cycling
are regular aerobic exercises that strengthen the heart and improve blood
circulation. It improves overall cardiovascular fitness, lowers the risk of
heart disease, and lowers blood pressure.
Thirdly,
physical activity has a significant impact on mental health. Endorphins, or
"feel-good" chemicals, are released when you exercise and they help
to lower tension, anxiety, and despair. Regular exercise raises self-esteem,
lifts the mood, and sharpens the mind.
Exercise
also encourages healthier sleep habits. Exercise improves both the quality and
length of sleep by regulating sleep cycles. A rested body and mind are more
productive and perform better on a general physical and mental level.
In
conclusion, physical activity is essential to living a healthy life. It
improves mental wellness, encourages sound sleep, and aids in maintaining a
healthy weight and cardiovascular health. For us to achieve and maintain a high
quality of life, frequent exercise must be a part of our daily routines.
Thank you.
Grammar II
A. Circle the correct words to complete these sentences.
a.
The doctor told me do / to do some exercise every day.
b. She said, "Don't shout / Not to shout."
c. The doctor forbade me to eat / not to eat junk food.
d. I told her, "To speak / Speak slowly."
e. Sumina promised to tell no one / not to tell anyone.
f. My mother said, "To get / Get out of bed early."
g. The mountain guide warned him to take / not to take the
oxygen cylinder.
h. Sugam said to me, "Go / To go home and take a
rest."
i. He ordered us we go out / to get out of his way.
j. The librarian requested them please do not make / not to make
a noise.
B. Change the following sentences into indirect speech. Use the reporting
verbs in brackets.
a.
"Bring some sugar, Punita." she said. (ask)
→ She asked Punita to bring some sugar.
b.
"You must submit your assignment soon," the teacher said. (tell)
→ The teacher told us that we had to submit our assignment soon.
c.
"Remember to come early, Anu," he said. (remind)
→ He reminded Anu to come early.
d.
"You should see a doctor, Mrs. Tamang,' he said. (advise)
→ He advised Mrs. Tamang that she should see a doctor.
e.
"Keep all the window open, Nona," my father said. (warn)
→ My father warned Nona to keep all the window open.
f.
"Go home, Prashun," Furba said. (tell)
→ Furba told Prashun to go home.
C. Report the following sentences in direct speech.
a.
The hermit said, "Don't idle away your time."
→ The hermit told me not to idle away my time.
b.
Madan said to his friend, "Please help me with money."
→ Madan requested his friend to help him with money.
c.
"Be not afraid, noble prince", said the Guru.
→ The Guru told noble prince not to be afraid.
d.
He said to me, "Let me do my work."
→ He told me to let him do his work.
e.
The General said to his troops, "Guard the fort."
→ The General told his troops to guard the fort.
f.
Aaswin said to the teacher, "Please excuse me, madam."
→ Aaswin requested the teacher to excuse him.
g.
The guide said to the visitors, "Follow me carefully."
→ The guide told the visitors to follow him carefully.
h.
My teacher said to me, "Don't look behind."
→ My teacher told me not to look behind.
i.
Mother said to the daughter, "Get ready to receive the guests."
→ Mother told the daughter to get ready to receive the guests.
j.
The boy said to the daughter, "Get ready to receive the guests."
→ The boy told the daughter to get ready to receive the guests.
k.
The teacher said to the boys, "Read silently."
→ The teacher told the boys to read silently.
l.
The coach said, "Let's play a friendly football match."
→ The coach suggested us that we should play a friendly football match.
m.
The monk said to us, "Give up bad habits."
→ The monk told us to give up bad habits.
n.
Father said to me, "Do not tell a lie."
→ Father told me not to tell a lie.
Writing II
Obesity has become a matter of concern in recent years. Draft a speech on
obesity based on the given guiding questions.
Answer:
Ladies
and gentlemen,
Today, I want to talk about a serious issue: obesity. It has
gained significant attention recently, and its impact on our society is
undeniable. In this presentation, I will cover the main causes of obesity, its
effects, and what we can do to prevent it.
Let’s
begin by looking at the main causes of obesity. A sedentary lifestyle—with
little exercise and too much screen time—is one of the major contributing
factors. The convenience of modern technology has led to reduced physical
activity, as it often keeps us seated for long periods. Additionally, unhealthy
eating habits play a significant role. Eating calorie-dense processed foods and
drinking sugary beverages has become far too common. These factors, along with
genetic predispositions, increase the risk of obesity.
Now,
let’s examine the effects of obesity. Obesity has a profound impact on health,
far beyond just excess weight. It increases the likelihood of developing
chronic diseases such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain types of
cancer. Obesity also takes a toll on mental health, contributing to social
isolation, depression, and low self-esteem. Moreover, it imposes a substantial
financial burden due to rising healthcare costs and reduced productivity.
So,
what can be done to prevent obesity? The first step is to adopt a healthy
lifestyle. Physical activity is crucial. Engaging in activities like walking,
running, swimming, or cycling helps burn calories and maintain a healthy
weight. In addition to exercise, a nutritious diet is essential. Focus on
consuming fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins while
reducing the intake of processed, high-calorie foods. Mindful eating and
portion control are also key components.
It
is equally important to spread awareness about the importance of exercise and a
balanced diet. Educational initiatives should target schools, workplaces, and
communities to promote healthy habits. Ensuring access to affordable,
nutritious food and providing opportunities for physical activity can
significantly lower obesity rates.
In
conclusion, obesity is a complex issue with numerous contributing
factors and serious consequences. Tackling it requires a collective
effort. By adopting healthier lifestyles, staying active, and making informed
dietary choices, individuals can take control of their health and reduce the
risk of obesity. Together, let’s work towards creating a society where everyone
has the opportunity to live a happy and healthy life.
Thank you.