Reading I
A. Match the
words with their meaning.
a. mush → a
soft thick mass or mixture
b. jerk → to make something move with a sudden short sharp movement
c. concussion → a temporary loss of consciousness
d. hurl → to throw something violently in a particular direction
e. pulp → the soft part inside the fruits and vegetables
f. clutch → to hold something tightly
g. sip → to drink something, taking a very small amount each time
B. Write ‘True’
for true statements and ‘False’ for false ones.
a. The tourists
are informed to wear a red hat through public notices. (True)
b. Aranceri seem dressed in Doctor Whoesque costumes. (True)
c. When a cart approaches, aranceri run away from the square. (False)
d. The narrator feels bored during the festival period. (False)
e. The volunteers encourage the visitors to join the battle. (False)
f. The narrator accepts Massi’s offer. (False)
C. Answer the
following questions.
a. What does
the red hat symbolize ?
Ans: The red hat symbolizes the carnival itself and is a symbol of freedom,
worn in times by freed slaves and during the Middle Ages on the heads of
peasants rioting against feudal lords.
b. How does the
narrator feel when she wipes her face ?
Ans: The narrator feels scared and shocked when she wipes her face.
c. What does
the square look like after an hour-battle of the oranges ?
Ans: After an hour - battle of the oranges, the square is coated in a thick
coating of orange pulp and horse excrement after an hour - long fight of the
oranges, producing a dirty and sloppy scene.
d. How do
aranceri members chase the cart ?
Ans: The aranceri members chase the cart by running after it and throwing
oranges at it.
e. Does Silvia
enjoy this carnival ? Why ?
Ans: Yes, Silvia enjoys this carnival because she thinks that it is good for
her psychology health, and during these three days, she can let out all the
frustrations she has built up during the year.
f. Why does
Massi say, “Forget the nets” ?
Ans: Massi says "Forget the nets" because he believes that if people
want to truly experience the carnival, they need to be in the middle of the
battle.
D. You might
know about some unique festivals like 'Battle of the Oranges.' Strange
festivals are celebrated in many parts of the world. Collect some information
about anyone of such festivals and share in the class.
Judshital
Judshital is celebrated in Terai Region especially by Maithili people in Nepal.
It falls on 2nd of Baishakh every year. This day is celebrated as new year of
Mithila.
The festival
begins with the blessings from elders as they put handful water on the head of
juniors early in the morning. On this day, trees are watered, animals are given
a bath in ponds or rivers. This festival resembles coolness.
Varieties of
delicious food items are prepared. Karahi-bari (curd curry with puffed fried
cake of pulse paste) and vegetable made of moringa are special food items which
are Compulsory in this festival.
People clean
their surroundings. Well and others sources of water are cleaned and people
throw mud over each other. They forget all their hostility and enjoy the
festival.
Grammar I
A. Change the
following sentences into indirect speech. The beginning of each sentence is
given.
a. "Are
you working tonight?"
→ Agaman asked Timothy if he was working tonight.
b. "Is
this the road to the station?"
→ A stranger wanted to know from me if that was the road to the station.
c. "Did
you do your homework?"
→ My friend inquired her if she had done her homework.
d. "Have
you been to Paris?"
→ The tourist was asked if he had been to Paris.
e. "How
long have you been working in this company?"
→ Usha inquired Anuj how long he had been working in that company.
f. "What
flavour ice cream did you have at the pary?"
→ My mother asked me what flavor ice cream I had at the party.
g. "Have
you studied reported speech before?"
→ The teacher wanted to know if they had studied reported speech before.
h. "Where
will you stay tonight ?"
→ I asked him where he would stay that night.
i. "How
many players were shown yellow card by the referee?"
→ Sumangal asked his friend how many players had been shown yellow cards by the
referee.
j. "What
magic did the medicine have on the patient ?"
→ Sarita wanted to know from Sommaya what magic the medicine had on the
patient.
B. Change the
following remarks into reported speech.
a. Kritika
asked me, "why did you go out last night?"
→ Kritika asked me why I had gone out the previous night.
b. "Who was
that beautiful woman, Usha?" said Sunita.
→ Sunita asked Usha who that beautiful woman had been,
c. "How is
your mother?" said Gaurab to Yang Dolma..
→ Gaurab asked Yang Dolma how her mother was.
d. My friend
wanted to know, "What are you going to do at the weekend?"
→ My friend asked me what I was going to do at the weekend.
e. "Where
will you live after graduation ?" said my teacher.
→ My teacher asked me where I would live after graduation.
f. Anusha said
to Melisha, "What were you doing when I saw you?"
→ Anusha asked Melisha what she had been doing when she had seen her.
g. I said to
the piligrim, "How was the journey?"
→ I asked the piligrim how the journey had been.
h. "How
often do you go to cinema?" said Krishana.
→ Krishna asked how often I went to the cinema.
i. "Do you
live in Patan?" said the Principal.
→ The Principal asked if I lived in Patan.
j. Niraj said
to Luniva, "Did Phadindra arrive on time ?"
→ Niraj asked Luniva if Phadindra had arrived on time.
Thanks giving
around the World
Reading II
A. The meanings
of some of the words from the text are given below. Find the words and write
against the correct meanings.
a. in a way
occurring at irregular intervals; not continuous or steady → intermittently
b. to remind people of an important event or person from the past → commemorate
c. in a way that shows the usual qualities or features of a particular type of
person or thing → typically
d. a curved shape that is wide in the middle and pointed at each end → crescent-shaped
e. full of life and energy → vibrant
f. a person who is having fun in a noisy way, usually with a group of other
people → reveller
g. from or in another country; seeming exciting and unusual → exotic
h. to spread through and be easy to notice → pervade
i. brightly coloured and likely to attract attention → flamboyant
j. done quickly and with a lot of activity, but not very well organized → haphazardly
B. The
following events represent different activities observed during Thanksgiving
around the world. Study them carefully and write the names of countries where
they are celebrated.
a. Families
gather for a feast in the evening accompanied by dancing and singing → Libaria
b. People wear new clothes and get community blessings → Iran
c. Palm nut soup, fish and traditional Kpokoi are served → Ghana
d. People return to their hometowns to celebrate the festival → South Korea
e. Celebrants go to the beach in a noisy way → Brazil
f. Parades are taken out in the streets → USA
g. Food and wine are offered to the forefathers → South Korea
C. Answer the
following questions.
a. What is the
main feature of American Thanksgiving ?
Ans: The main feature of American Thanksgiving is a large feast, especially
dinner with family and friends. It is celebrated on the 4th Thursday of
November. Typically, roasted turkeys are essential in the feast.
b. What do
parades include in Thanksgiving in America ?
Ans: Thanksgiving parades in the United States often have floats, marching
bands, performers, and large balloons. The balloons are usually designed to
look like cartoon characters, reflect current Broadway shows, or follow other
common themes.
c. When and why
is Chuseok celebrated in Korea ?
Ans: Chuseok is a special day in Korea that is celebrated on the 15th of
August. It's a festival that celebrates the harvest and shows respect to
ancestors while expressing gratitude for the plentiful crops.
d. How did
Thanksgiving begin in Brazil ?
Ans: Thanksgiving started in Brazil when ex-Brazilian President Gaspar Dutra
visited the United States. He was captivated by the holiday and introduced the
festival in Brazil in 1949.
e. Who started
Thanksgiving in Liberia? Why was it started ?
Ans: Thanksgiving began in Liberia when former slaves, who had returned to
Africa from the United States in the 1800s, started celebrating. It is a
special occasion to express gratitude for their freedom and honor their
ancestral background.
f. What is
Thanksgiving celebrated in Barbados for ?
Ans: Thanksgiving is celebrated in Barbados for making the end of the sugar
cane harvest.
g. What is
Homowo marked in Ghana ?
Ans: Homowo marked as the Ga people in Ghana celebrate this harvest festival.
It is a time to thank the gods for a successful harvest and remember a time
when the Ga people experienced a period of famine.
Grammar II
A. Rewrite the
following sentences choosing the correct alternative from a brackets.
a. Sujita asked
her mother ……… ( when her father would come home, when will her father come
home, when might her father come home).
→ Sujita asked her mother when her father would come home.
b. She replied
that she had never had caviar when I said to her," ….... caviar?"
(Have you ever had, Will you have, Would you have)
→ She replied that she had never had caviar when I said to her, "Have you
ever had caviar?"
c. The
salesperson said to him, "What .............. for you?" (I can do,
can I do, I could do)
→ The salesperson asked him, "What can I do for you?"
d. The tourist
inquired from me ……….. to Banepa. (whether I belonged, whether I would belong,
whether I am belonging)
→ The tourist inquired from me whether I belonged to Banepa.
e. The little
girl asked us what time ......... to come back. (were we supposed, we were
supposed, we had been supposed)
→ The little girl asked us what time we were supposed to come back.
f. The head
teacher asked her ……… the exam form the week before. (whether she had filled
out, whether she fills out, whether had she filled out)
→ The head teacher asked her whether she had filled out the exam form the week
before.
g. Renuka asked
me ……… her. (if I have called, if I had called, if I had called, if had I
called)
→ Renuka asked me if I had called her.
B. Nihar
Chaudhary interviewed her Social Studies teacher last week. Here is the report
prepared by her after the interview. Read it carefully and list out direct
questions asked by Nihar.
Direct
questions asked by Nihar:
a. Can you tell
me about the Newari tradition known as Ihi ?
b. Why is the ceremony of Ihi performed ?
c. Who is Suvarna Kumar ?
d. Why was the Ihi tradition started ?
e. What age group of girls are married during the Ihi ceremony ?
f. Why is it known as Bel Bibaha ?
g. Why was Bel chosen as a witness during the ceremony ?
h. How long does the ritual of Ihi go on for ?
i. What are the dietary restrictions during the ceremony ?